This article discusses drainage pipes for groundwater abstraction: a complete classification of products for drainage, their advantages, characteristics and basic parameters are presented. With this information, you will learn how to select the appropriate types of pipes for certain types of discharge systems in accordance with their requirements, soil characteristics, etc.
Drainage pipes for groundwater abstraction: an introduction to the topic
The drainage pipe acts as the main building element, on the basis of which a drainage system is formed, designed to drain the sections. This element is responsible for the collection and abstraction of underground, thawed and rain waters outside the territory with their prior filtration.
Note! A large amount of thawed and storm water is able to provoke a rise in the level of groundwater. The appearance of such a situation is highly undesirable, since as a result, the destructive effect on the foundation part of the building increases, as well as all the landscape design elements located on the site.
The installation of drainage pipes of large diameter allows to cope with such problems as:
- increased soil moisture;
- mildew formation;
- flooding of the site, the basement of a residential building and household buildings, as well as cellars;
- permafrost formation;
- the appearance of puddles on paved surfaces;
- ice formation on footpaths;
- decay of roots of garden flowers, vegetable crops and other vegetation due to an overabundance of moisture in the garden and summer cottages.
If we talk about the general classification of products for drainage systems, the range is represented by the following types of pipes (by type of material):
- asbestos-cement;
- ceramic;
- plastic drainage pipes with and without perforations, and also with its partial presence.
However, most construction companies have already abandoned the use of pipes made of ceramics or asbestos cement due to the numerous shortcomings inherent in them:
- A lot of weight that requires significant costs for transportation and installation, because the installation of such dimensional products can not do without the use of specialized construction equipment.
- The slow process of installing a drainage system, which can only be done by professionals.
- Low performance. Drainage pipes without perforation are usually on sale, so the holes are made manually. Because of this, the pipeline clogs faster during operation, which requires frequent cleaning and, in some cases, complete replacement of components.
- Construction of systems based on them is much more expensive than in the case of using plastic elements.
Note! The table shows the average price of drainage pipes 200 mm from various materials. There are other options for the diameter, however, in ceramic products, asbestos cement and plastic standard dimensional parameters do not match. Therefore, for comparison, we took the diameter of the drainage pipe 200 mm, which is present in the range of all these products.
Comparative pricing table:
| Material type | Price, rub. / Rm |
| Asbestos cement | 258.2 |
| Ceramics | 650 |
| Plastic | 237 |
Polymer products (plastic) in many respects surpass asbestos-cement and ceramic products for drainage in their characteristics.
The list of their advantages:
- Long service life.
- High strength.
- Complete invulnerability to corrosion.
- The small weight facilitating not only process of transportation, but also installation procedure, and also accelerating terms of its performance.
- Due to the presence in the assortment of a large number of connecting elements (fittings, tees, etc.), the installation of the system is quick, reliable and convenient.
- Smooth surface prevents sticking of dirt, postponing the clogging process.
- The use of drainage pipes in geotextiles of 200 mm and more excludes the possibility of silting up the system.
- All installation work can be done by hand, because it does not require special education, does not need special construction equipment and special equipment.
Using the example of drainage corrugated PVC pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, you could see that the cost of these products can also be attributed to the significant advantages of plastic products.
The range of plastic pipes includes several categories of products:
- polyvinyl chloride;
- polyethylene;
- polypropylene.
The most popular on the market are pipes for drainage systems made of PVC.
Products made of PVC and other polymeric materials can be divided into the following categories:
- two-layer and single-layer;
- flexible pipes (available in coils whose length is 40-50 m);
- rigid products for drainage systems (their length is fixed, the assortment includes pipes from 6 to 12 m long);
- products with different strength classes (letter marking SN: 2,4,6,8,16);
- pipes with filter wrapping and without it.
Note! The table shows the average price of a drainage pipe in a 200 mm geotextile filter with perforation and a corrugated surface. Depending on the manufacturer, this figure may vary.
Pricing for drainage pipes 200 mm (in and without geotextiles):
| Product type | Bay length, m | Price, rub. / Piece |
| Monolayer, corrugated, perforation, geotextiles (SN4) | 40 | 8400 |
| Double-layer, corrugated, perforation, geotextiles (SN6) | 40 | 13500 |
| Single layer, corrugated, perforation | 40 | 9500 |
| Double-layer corrugated perforation | 40 | 12,000 |
| Single Layer (SN4) | 40 | 9000 |
Products on sale may have a diameter of from 50 to 200 mm. There are more massive options related to the drainage pipes of large diameter.
Flexible single-layer products with perforations can be used at depths of no more than 3 m. The class of pipes also indirectly indicates the recommended depth of laying. In the case of SN2 pipes, the depth should not exceed 2 m, SN4 – no more than 3 m.
Double-layered pipes have a smooth inner surface. At the same time the outer side is corrugated. As a rule, such products have a ring strength of SN6. When arranging the drainage system, lengths of not more than 4 m are used. As a filter, coconut fiber or geotextiles can be attached to them. On sale there are products and without filter.
Perforated corrugated drainage pipes are marked with class SN8. Supplied complete with filter material and without it. Designed for deep laying – up to 10 m. Double-layer products of the same class allow the system to be buried by no more than 8 m. They are made without a filter.
The average price of drainage pipes is 160 mm and 110 mm with perforations and corrugations (3 m):
| Name (manufacturer) | Size of diameter, mm | Price, rub. / Piece |
| Perfokor (Russia) | 110 | 900 |
| Perfokor (Russia) | 160 | 1945 |
| UPONOR (Finland) | 110 | 1200 |
| UPONOR (Finland) | 160 | 3450 |
Pipes Perfokor successfully used for drainage. Perforations on their surface allow water to penetrate inside the products. After that, it is transported further along the sewer system or is displayed in an artificial or natural reservoir.
Scope of application extends to construction:
- buildings for various purposes;
- roads;
- stadiums;
- airports;
- as well as agricultural land reclamation.
Note! The openings on this type of pipe have optimal sizes that are large enough to allow water into the system but small enough to prevent the penetration of land, debris, sludge and other particles that can destroy the sewage system.
The connection of the corrugated perforated drainage pipes Perfokor is carried out in several ways. For this, a combination of coupling and sealing ring or docking welding can be used.
Due to the fact that the rubber gasket is placed inside the corrugations during the connection of the elements of the system, this part cannot move during installation. A rubber gasket for joining has the same profile as the pipe. Therefore, it eliminates the likelihood of pipeline flow, as well as ingress of groundwater inside.
As an effective addition to the pipeline, which increases the time of its operational service, various types of filters are used. Such materials include geotextile fabric and coconut fiber.
Corrugated drainage pipes, perforated with a geofabric of 160 mm and more, are products with a large number of rationally arranged holes, as well as stiffeners. These small holes are located in the cavity, which is formed between the waves of the corrugations.
Stiffeners provide uniform distribution of pressure, which has a soil on the pipe. Due to the fact that the load is distributed over the entire length of the pipe, the drainage system can withstand not only the pressure of the soil, but also all the additional loads that arise.
These types of pipes are used for laying pipelines at a depth of 0.7-6 m. Due to the large number of holes that fall on 1 m. On a special product profile, water is quickly collected, skipped through the entire system and drained outside the suburban area .
Note! Plastic products are quite lightweight, so they can be considered as the best material for creating a drainage system with their own hands. A bay 40 m long and with a diameter of 160 mm weighs about 25 kg.
The price of a drainage pipe in a geotextile filter is 160 mm, 90 mm and 110 mm:
| Manufacturer | Product type | Diameter, mm | Bay length, m | Price, rub. / Piece |
| TYPAR with HDPE filter (Russia) | Single layer SN4 | 90 | 50 | 4200 |
| Single layer SN4 | 110 | 50 | 3200 | |
| Single layer SN4 | 160 | 50 | 5800 | |
| Double Layer SN6 | 110 | 50 | 7300 | |
| Double Layer SN6 | 160 | 50 | 10600 | |
| NASHORN | Single layer SN4 | 110 | 50 | 4500 |
| Single layer SN4 | 160 | 50 | 7,000 |
If you undertake to create a drainage system on the site with your own hands, you should take into account the following recommendations:
- The effectiveness of the system depends on how correct your choice will be regarding the diameter of the pipes.
- A perforated product with a diameter of 110 mm is capable of performing the drainage of a plot from water within a radius of 5 m. This information should be taken into account in the process of designing the layout of the drainage system.
- The pipes must be laid with a slope in the direction where the installation of the well or septic tank will be made.
- The process of connecting all elements of the pipeline must be technologically correct.
Pipes with a diameter of 63 mm are used on a par with products 110 mm. Each such element has a network of small holes.
Experts recommend to buy a drainage pipe 63 in a geotextile filter for use in areas that are located in lowlands or in areas where there is a high level of groundwater. This material can be used for arranging drainage during the construction of the cellar, underground garage, as well as modern type cottages with a basement.
Note! The choice of pipe diameter depends on the depth to which the drainage system will be deepened. For example, products with a diameter of 63 cm can effectively perform their work at a depth of up to 8 m. For a depth exceeding this figure, they will not work.
The foundation part of any structure can be eroded by groundwater even at a depth of 1.5-2 m. Groundwater includes components that can destroy the foundation. Waterproofing in such cases is powerless, so you have to resort to more drastic measures – the construction of a drainage system. This should take into account the type of soil, as well as the degree of its moisture.
Increased water content in the soil can lead to freezing and rotting of plants, the appearance of fungi on them and on fruit trees, as well as to waterlogging of the area. In this case, it is recommended to use corrugated pipes made of polyethylene. With their help, you will provide a budget and fast drainage system, which will relieve groundwater pressure and significantly reduce their level.
Soil types and optimum materials:
| Soil type | Recommended drainage material |
| Crushed stone | products with perforation without filtering material |
| Sandy | pipes with a geotextile fabric filter + rubble mound |
| Clayey | pipes with or without filter + pile of crushed stone 0.2 m thick |
| Loamy (combined) | products with geotextile fabric filter |
Characteristics of a plastic drainage pipe 300 mm
Plastic pipes for drainage systems have proven to be durable, reliable products. They are economical and efficient. The use of polymer products can significantly reduce the cost of electrical energy and money to perform work on the drainage area. Such a system can last for 40-50 years.
The technology of arrangement of drainage involves the use of filter materials, as a rule, geotextiles.
Note! Pipes with a diameter of 63 mm to 250 mm are already on sale in a geotextile wrap. Products with a large diameter are used for construction at industrial facilities. They also require a geotextile wrap, which in this case is performed manually.
The average price of a 300 mm polymer drain pipe is 200-300 rubles / m. n. If the products do not have sockets, their cost is reduced by about 50-100 rubles. Drainage systems use similar versions of cast iron pipes. Their cost is in the range of 350-450 rubles / m. P.
Regardless of the size of products, the system is always installed at an angle and in each case it is worth adhering to certain parameters. Installation of pipes with a diameter of 300 mm is carried out with a slope of at least 3 mm. Since this type of product may correspond to stiffness classes SN6 and SN8, the pipeline may be laid to a depth of more than 2 m.
The choice of pipe diameter also depends on the inflow of groundwater. In other words, the selection of products for the drainage system is based on an indicator reflecting the amount of water that passes in 1 second.
Other factors matter here:
- groundwater level;
- the amount of excess moisture;
- nature of the landscape.
PVC drainage pipes corrugated with a diameter of 500 mm, 400 mm and 630 mm belong to two-layer products. Their double walls have a corrugated coating from the outside, and from the inside their surface is smooth.
Due to the presence of corrugations, the walls of the pipes exhibit a high resistance to the occurrence of any deformation changes under the influence of loads. In the assortment of the modern construction market, you can find products that correspond to the following classes of ring stiffness:
- SN4;
- SN8;
- SN16.
Such a variety allows laying the pipeline at different depths. Polymer pipes of large diameters have a wide range of operating temperatures. Extreme points correspond to -40 ° С and + 60 ° С.
The average price of drainage pipes is 400 mm, 500 mm and 630 mm (Perfokor):
| Product type | Diameter, mm | Length | Material | Price, rub. / Piece |
| SN8 Dual Layer | 400 | 6 | HDPE | 2600 |
| SN16 Double Layer | 400 | 6 | HDPE | 3590 |
| SN8 Dual Layer | 500 | 6 | HDPE | 3800 |
| SN16 Double Layer | 500 | 6 | HDPE | 5350 |
| SN8 Dual Layer | 630 | 6 | HDPE | 5250 |
| SN16 Double Layer | 630 | 6 | HDPE | 7230 |
Helpful advice! Construction of the highway for removal of excess moisture from the site – not the only scope of such products. Use large diameter pipes as drainage wells to monitor the condition of the drainage system, as well as to clean it.
The construction of the drainage system on the site is most often carried out simultaneously with its development. In order for the drainage system to function, it is necessary to organize to it the maximum flow of water. The indicator that determines the access of moisture to the pipeline, is called the permeability of the soil. Spraying with special filtration materials is used to increase it.
These materials include:
- gravel;
- rubble;
- pebbles.
Thanks to the filter increases the volume of fluid from the area entering the system. In order for the drainage system not to be filled with silt and dirt, the flow rate of water through the pipes must be at least 0.2 m / s.
Common mistakes when laying drainage:
- use of pipes that are not intended for installation in a particular type of soil (for example, using a pipe without a geotextile filter on loamy soils);
- lack of filtering dusting;
- lack of necessary slopes;
- backfilling of trenches with non-filtering primer;
- untimely removal of accumulated liquid from the collecting well.
The effective operation of the drainage system depends not only on compliance with the installation technology, but also on the maintenance of the pipeline during further operation.
Maintenance drainage involves regular inspection of the system for clogging and malfunctions, eliminating those when they are detected. In addition, it is systematically necessary to monitor the state of the groundwater level in the territory of the suburban area in order to know how effectively the sewage system copes with the removal of excess moisture. It also does not hurt to check the quality of groundwater.
Due to the timely implementation of the planned repair and maintenance work, as well as troubleshooting, you can not only increase the service life of the pipeline, but also eliminate the likelihood of accidents.
