Modern gasification of even villages close to megalopolises has actually been frozen for about a decade. Even in a prosperous suburbs, you can easily find old settlements in the 50-kilometer zone, where there is no gas and it is not known when it will be. In the cottage settlements under construction there is documentation and a supply, but the buyer of a cottage or a plot often faces the fact that there is no question of central heating. But if there is a stove for giving a long burning, then the absence of central heating is not a problem – rather the opposite.
Advantages of autonomous heating
In Europe, all the northern territories have virtually no central heating. Practically on any plan or photo of the house from a brick – the furnace, a fireplace or still at the project stage the place allocated for them.
FAct! Even small-sized cast iron stoves (fireplaces) in a wooden house are able to cope with the heating of very large rooms.
It so happened that, unlike in the former USSR, there are nowhere in Europe areas with huge deposits of coal, oil and gas, so no one wants to burn the already expensive fuel with the loss of more than a third of the heat in the pipelines. In the post-Soviet space, on the contrary, they got used to the giant boiler rooms, and therefore, when using the word “stove”, most people smile with a smile at the “stove” of the 20s of the last century. However, even a home-made, curved “stove” has an efficiency of more than 80%, while the CHP gives 90% in the form of heat, but 35% is lost in the heating main, and when distributed in an apartment building through pipes it goes from 5 to 10% depending on peak consumption.
Electric heaters are ineffective (of course, there are Asian technologies for laying nichrome filaments-spirals right in the wall blocks, but in Russia this is still far away), since only air will warm up and ventilation naturally blows out. If the electric heater is turned off during the winter night, then the temperature in the room in 15 minutes will fall by 2-3 ° C. Since fresh air is also needed, then in order for a room at 16-30 m? I was able to warm up, I would need a device with a capacity of 3-5 kW, working all night with fully insulated windows, and it’s better not to look at the electric meter when the window is open.
Modern cast-iron stoves for the house in design and efficiency are far from their predecessors.
Helpful advice! For a country house, a stove with a water circuit or air heating is many times more efficient than connecting to a central heating system.
The existing furnaces-fireplaces have several advantages:
- thriftiness;
- ease of ignition;
- fast warming up of the room;
- universality of application – some models are equipped with cooking surfaces;
- mobility and compactness;
- simplicity and safety of operation;
- the ability to remove ash during operation;
- diverse design;
- long service life.
Of the disadvantages can only lead to the need for firewood and storage space.
A stove with a water heating circuit is gradually becoming a familiar attribute of a modern country house. At the same time, the question “How to install a fireplace in a wooden house?” With the modern development of small construction technologies is not insoluble.
How a long burning unit differs from a conventional stove for a dacha or a fireplace can be seen from its name. Unlike stoves and fireplaces of conventional design, modern stoves for long-burning houses can operate on one tab of fuel (wood or pellets) for several hours.
In normal combustion (in a fire or in the firebox of a conventional wood-burning stove), most of what is capable of burning disappears from the flame without use: unburned carbon monoxide, methane, propane, hydroamines and many more combustible substances are removed by a convection air flow from the combustion zone, where instantly cool down.
The principle of operation of long-burning furnaces, as well as pyrolysis boilers, one – the complete combustion of the fuel to CO2, H2O and ash, that is, the mineral residue.
Interesting to know! Pyrolysis (from the Greek. pyr – fire, heat and lysis – decomposition, decomposition) – thermal decomposition of organic compounds (wood, petroleum products, coal, etc.) without air access.
Full combustion of fuel in wood-burning stoves, long-burning for giving is due to the design features of the combustion chamber. It is divided into two sectors: in the lower of them firewood is burned, which is slow due to the limited access of oxygen. An injector and nozzle are installed in the upper sector, which operate in afterburner mode. This configuration makes it possible to burn the raw material in the mode of smoldering, which leads to pyrolysis. The gas generated during high-temperature combustion of wood in a sealed chamber is called pyrolysis, and the furnaces that create such conditions are also called gas-generating ones.
The main division of fireplaces-stoves intended for installation in wooden houses is the separation according to the material from which they are made. Furnaces can be steel or cast iron.
Steel furnaces heat up faster and release heat to the surrounding space faster, heating the room to a comfortable temperature. Therefore, it is preferable to install them in those summer houses, which are used sporadically and on short visits. If the suburban structure is intended for long or permanent residence, including during the cold season, it is better to install a cast iron stove in it, optimally connected to the heating system with some kind of heat carrier (water or air).
The review of furnaces for the house on firewood of long burning. The principle of operation of furnaces for the house on the wood of long burning. Types of long-burning wood stoves. Installation and operation of furnaces.
One of the most popular models is the “Buleryan” type furnace. A stove of this type has an improved heat exchanger design and, provided that it is equipped with a collector and a water jacket, it can be used to heat several rooms. In addition, it can serve as a stove for cooking.
The basic principles of the choice of the furnace (fireplace) for a house of brick or wood are simple. The specific model is chosen based on:
- of the features of operation of the heated building (how and how long it will be necessary to keep heat in it);
- the volume of the heated room;
- location of the heating unit.
Depending on the speed of burning through one tab, stoves and fireplaces for heating a private house are divided into three classes as follows:
- A – less than 3 hours of work on a one-time fuel tab;
- B – from 7-8 to 10 hours;
- C – more than 10 hours, which in reality is hardly achievable (only gas-generating furnaces are capable of this).
A quality class B oven should provide 8 hours of heating on one tab.
Numerous photos of brick stoves-fireplaces for giving will help you choose a constructive option taking into account both the necessary parameters and the decor of the rooms.
Installing a stove to give a brick out of your own hands is not a myth. It is not difficult to pick up a stove for giving and at home. Existing models are available in various sizes and configurations. Catalogs of heating equipment in chain stores in most cases contain descriptions and photos of stoves in the house.
An indispensable condition for the installation of a stove or a long-burning fireplace in any country house is the presence of a chimney in it, which is necessary to create thrust and remove carbon monoxide gases. Also, the heating unit must be located away from flammable elements of the situation, and the floor under it must be protected with metal sheets.
But to convert ready-made masonry fireplaces for wood-fired houses into gas generators is in principle impossible if you literally cling to the terms. The burning process itself requires very precise control – “by eye” is not enough, sensors are needed. A couple of minutes of leaving the temperature mode are sufficient, and the pyrolysis process will be “extinguished” – it will have to be restarted, starting with ignition. Hence the old semi-respectful term “stove-set” or “stoker” – a specialist who knew how to control the operating mode of the furnace, was valued as an experienced locomotive driver.
Therefore, fireplaces and long-burning stoves are made either in the factory, or according to the drawings of craftsmen with their welding machines and extensive experience. But the market reacts quickly: there are plug-in furnaces made of cast iron or steel for sale for already laid out stoves and brick fireplaces. However, because of the physics of pyrolysis, these “inserts” have fixed sizes – no more than 70-80 cm, so their power is average. At the same time, the installation of a stove (fireplace) in a wooden house, its connection and maintenance are no different from standard stoves-fireplaces.
The optimal choice and proper arrangement of a modern fireplace in a country house not only helps to create a cozy atmosphere, but also solves the problems of autonomous heating and hot water supply.
